Nied (Frankfurt am Main)
Nied lies approximately 9.5km west of the Frankfurter Hauptwache, north of Main at the lower reaches Nidda river at an elevation of 98m above Sea Level. It has a regular floor plan that follows the river angle of Main, Nidda and the Christ Church at its centre. Modern settlement development has moved eastwards towards Griesheim and Frankfurt’s city centre. The neighbouring areas of Nied include Hochst in the west, Sossenheim in the north, Griesheim in the east, and Schwanheim in the south, all located across the Main.
Neolithic settlements were found on the Main and Nidda, as well in Nied ( Lokkeramic time). Around 800 BC, there was a Celtic settlement. This settlement was followed by Germanic conquest. Pre-Roman times saw an old road running here – the Antsanvia, that, like later Rodelheimer Strasses and Oeserstrasse, led through the Niederwald.
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The Chatten wars of Emperor Domitian are the origin of the first Roman settlement in Nied. In which was established the Roman province Germania superior (province in Upper Germany), with the capital Mogontiacum. The years 83-84 saw the rise of the Romans into the Nidda and established the city of Nida (a civitas) (district capital). Nied documents the Roman legionary names Q.Cornelius Aquinus, and L.Cornelius Arator. Clay was also used to supply the Civitas taunensium capital Nida. The Romans took the clay from the Kelkheim-Munster pits and carried it to Nied by carts. Lucius made oil lamps for regional use in his workshops. The barge along Nidda took these goods to Nied, which was at that time the main hub of all trade in the area. The nearby Roman fort at Frankfurt-Hochst protected the Roman settlement (vicus). Additionally, there are villae ruralae along the Nidda. A mansio (Roman rest area) has been proven in the Nieder Wald.
The “Pagan Castle” was the name of this Roman-era building complex located on the Via Regia. The 1870 district map shows traces of Roman buildings in fields “Romerberg”, Im Kremser, “Am Heidenschloss”, and on the Nidda, a “Romerthurm”, in the field “”Lange Wiesen”. Many of Nied’s antique finds ended up in Frankfurt, Darmstadt and Wiesbaden museums. Fortuna Altar is an exceptional find, and is currently in the Wiesbaden Museum. [4] In 2003, excavations in Nieder KirchwegRoman graves led to the discovery of. Additional bricks with Roman writings were discovered during construction in 2012. In 2018, “huge quantities of Roman clay bricks” were discovered in Alt-Nied’s excavation pit. Also, a type of fake workshop dating back to the 3rd Century AD, when Roman power was already eroding in the Rhine-Main region, were also found.
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The Limes fell around 260 AD and Nida, the main town, was conquered by Alemannensturm. In the following centuries, all traces of Roman Nied disappeared. An archaeological commission conducted research on the Worthspitze in 1834 for the ancient monument “Monumentum Trajanum ”. The remains of this monument are believed to have been found at the confluence between the Nidda & Main.